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标题：Bauxite origin -铝土矿的由来
作者：正光炉料发布时间：2015-03-27 01:11:27 Bauxite, an aluminium ore, is the world's main source of aluminium. It consists mostly of the minerals gibbsite Al(OH)3, boehmite γ-AlO(OH) and diaspore α-AlO(OH), mixed with the two iron oxides goethite and haematite, the clay mineral kaolinite and small amounts of anatase TiO2. Bauxite was named by the French geologist Pierre Berthier in 1821 after the village of Les Baux in Provence, southern France, where he discovered it and was the first to recognize that it contained aluminium.
铝土矿，铝矿石，是世界上主要的铝源。它包括主要的矿物的水铝氧的Al（OH）3，勃母石γ-ALO（OH）和水铝石α-ALO（OH），混合与两个氧化铁针铁矿和赤铁矿，粘土矿物高岭石和少量的锐钛矿二氧化钛。铝土矿是由法国地质学家皮埃尔·贝蒂埃在1821年发现法国南部莱博德普罗旺斯省的一个产铝矾土的村庄后所命名的。
Bauxite is usually strip mined because it is almost always found near the surface of the terrain, with little or no overburden. Approximately 70% to 80% of the world's dry bauxite production is processed first into alumina, and then into aluminium by electrolysis as of 2010. Bauxite rocks are typically classified according to their intended commercial application: metallurgical, abrasive, cement, chemical, and refractory.
铝土矿通常是带状开采，因为它总是出现在地表，很少或没有覆盖层的表面附近几乎总是能找到。约70％〜80％的世界干铝土矿生产加工第一成氧化铝，然后通过电解成为铝。2010年铝土矿石根据其预期的商业应用程序通常分为：冶金，磨料，水泥，化工及耐火材料。
Usually, bauxite ore is heated in a pressure vessel along with a sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 150 to 200 °C. At these temperatures, the aluminium is dissolved as an aluminate (the Bayer process). After separation of ferruginous residue (red mud) by filtering, pure gibbsite is precipitated when the liquid is cooled, and then seeded with fine-grained aluminium hydroxide. The gibbsite is usually converted into aluminium oxide, Al2O3, by heating. This mineral is dissolved at a temperature of about 960 °C in molten cryolite. Next, this molten substance can yield metallic aluminium by passing an electric current through it in the process of electrolysis, which is called the Hall–Héroult process, named after its American and French discoverers.
一般，铝土矿矿石被加热的压力容器连同在150〜200℃的温度下的氢氧化钠溶液。在这些温度下，铝溶解作为铝酸盐（拜耳法）。含铁残渣（红泥）通过过滤分离后，当液体被冷却，然后接种细粒氢氧化铝纯三水铝矿沉淀。三水铝矿，通常换算成氧化铝，氧化铝，通过加热。这种矿物被溶解在约960℃下在熔融冰晶石的温度。接着，将该熔融物质可以通过使电流通过它在电解时，这就是所谓的霍尔-Heroult法，以美国和法国发现者的名字命名在发现铝的过程中命名的。
Prior to the invention of this process in 1886, elemental aluminium was made by heating ore along with elemental sodium or potassium in a vacuum. The method was complicated and consumed materials that were themselves expensive at that time. This made early elemental aluminium more expensive than gold.
在此之前，过程在1886年的发明中，铝元素是由随着在真空元素钠或钾加热矿石。该方法复杂并且消耗原料，因此他们很昂贵。甚至使得早期的铝元素比黄金更加昂贵。
铝土矿，铝矿石，是世界上主要的铝源。它包括主要的矿物的水铝氧的Al（OH）3，勃母石γ-ALO（OH）和水铝石α-ALO（OH），混合与两个氧化铁针铁矿和赤铁矿，粘土矿物高岭石和少量的锐钛矿二氧化钛。铝土矿是由法国地质学家皮埃尔·贝蒂埃在1821年发现法国南部莱博德普罗旺斯省的一个产铝矾土的村庄后所命名的。
Bauxite is usually strip mined because it is almost always found near the surface of the terrain, with little or no overburden. Approximately 70% to 80% of the world's dry bauxite production is processed first into alumina, and then into aluminium by electrolysis as of 2010. Bauxite rocks are typically classified according to their intended commercial application: metallurgical, abrasive, cement, chemical, and refractory.
铝土矿通常是带状开采，因为它总是出现在地表，很少或没有覆盖层的表面附近几乎总是能找到。约70％〜80％的世界干铝土矿生产加工第一成氧化铝，然后通过电解成为铝。2010年铝土矿石根据其预期的商业应用程序通常分为：冶金，磨料，水泥，化工及耐火材料。
Usually, bauxite ore is heated in a pressure vessel along with a sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 150 to 200 °C. At these temperatures, the aluminium is dissolved as an aluminate (the Bayer process). After separation of ferruginous residue (red mud) by filtering, pure gibbsite is precipitated when the liquid is cooled, and then seeded with fine-grained aluminium hydroxide. The gibbsite is usually converted into aluminium oxide, Al2O3, by heating. This mineral is dissolved at a temperature of about 960 °C in molten cryolite. Next, this molten substance can yield metallic aluminium by passing an electric current through it in the process of electrolysis, which is called the Hall–Héroult process, named after its American and French discoverers.
一般，铝土矿矿石被加热的压力容器连同在150〜200℃的温度下的氢氧化钠溶液。在这些温度下，铝溶解作为铝酸盐（拜耳法）。含铁残渣（红泥）通过过滤分离后，当液体被冷却，然后接种细粒氢氧化铝纯三水铝矿沉淀。三水铝矿，通常换算成氧化铝，氧化铝，通过加热。这种矿物被溶解在约960℃下在熔融冰晶石的温度。接着，将该熔融物质可以通过使电流通过它在电解时，这就是所谓的霍尔-Heroult法，以美国和法国发现者的名字命名在发现铝的过程中命名的。
Prior to the invention of this process in 1886, elemental aluminium was made by heating ore along with elemental sodium or potassium in a vacuum. The method was complicated and consumed materials that were themselves expensive at that time. This made early elemental aluminium more expensive than gold.
在此之前，过程在1886年的发明中，铝元素是由随着在真空元素钠或钾加热矿石。该方法复杂并且消耗原料，因此他们很昂贵。甚至使得早期的铝元素比黄金更加昂贵。
